Trait Gratitude and its Relationship to Friendship Qualities in Light of Gender Variable in Secondary Grade Students in Jordan

Abstract

This study aimed at studying the relationship between trait gratitude and friendship qualities and their levels, in addition to examining the possibility of gender differences in this relationship in secondary grade students in Amman for the academic year (2021-2022). The study sample consisted of (205) students attending public schools in Amman, they were selected using simple random method. Results showed low level of gratitude in comparison with standardization samples, as it was lower than first quarantile. The highest level of friendship qualities was for help, then closeness as both were high level. While companion, security, and conflict were of medium levels. No gender differences in levels of gratitude, companion, and conflict. Gender differences for females in levels of help, security, and closeness. As for relationship between gratitude and friendship qualities, there were significant positive correlations for all positive qualities of friendship: closeness, help, companion, security and their correlation coefficients were (r= .25, .24, .20, .17) in order. No significant correlation found for conflict as a negative friendship quality. For gender differences, the following gratitude correlations were significant in females only: companion, security, and closeness. While gratitude correlation to conflict was significant in males only (r= -.27). For friendship quality, help the relationship to gratitude was significant in both genders but the difference in coefficients was not significant.